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| Kingman Reef ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Kingman Reef
Kingman Reef is a largely submerged, uninhabited triangular shaped reef, east-west and north-south,〔 located in the North Pacific Ocean, roughly half way between the Hawaiian Islands and American Samoa at .〔〔Coordinates are near the dry land spits.〕 It is the northernmost of the Northern Line Islands and lies northwest of the next closest island (Palmyra Atoll), and south of Honolulu.〔
The reef encloses a lagoon up to deep in its western part.〔(Jane's Oceania profile of Kingman Reef )〕 The total area within the outer rim of the reef is . There are two small strips of dry land composed of coral rubble and giant clamshells on the eastern rim with areas of 〔(Kingman Reef National Wildlife Refuge )〕 having a coastline of .〔 The highest point on the reef is less than above sea level,〔 which is wetted or awash most of the time, making Kingman Reef a maritime hazard. It has no natural resources and supports no economic activity.〔(United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges - CIA World Factbook ) Last updated April 7, 2010.〕
==Political status==
Kingman Reef has the status of an unincorporated territory of the United States, administered from Washington, DC by the U.S. Department of Interior. The atoll is closed to the public. For statistical purposes, Kingman Reef is grouped as part of the United States Minor Outlying Islands. In January 2009, Kingman Reef was designated a marine national monument.
The pre-20th century names Danger Reef, Caldew Reef, Maria Shoal and Crane Shoal refer to this atoll, which by then was entirely submerged at high tide. Thomas Hale Streets described its state in the 1870s, when it had:
... hardly, as yet, assumed the distinctive features of an island. It is entirely under water at high tide, and but a few coral heads project here and there above the surface at low water. In the course of time, however, it will undoubtedly be added to the (Line Islands ).〔 (1877): ("Some Account of the Natural History of the Fanning Group of Islands" ). ''American Naturalist'' 11(2): 65–72. p.65.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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